EARTHQUAKE

EARTHQUAKE

An earthquake is a vibration or shock that occurs in the earth's surface due to the release of energy from the sudden that creates seismic waves. Earthquakes are caused by movement of ordinary Earth's crust (plates of Earth). Frequency region, referring to the type and size of earthquakes experienced over that time period. Earthquakes are measured using tools Seismometer.Moment magnitude is the most common scale on which earthquakes occur is for the whole dunia.Skala Rickter scale reported by national seismological observatories are measured on a scale of local magnitude 5 magnitude. The second scale is the same for their valid ranges. 3 earthquakes of magnitude or more most of the almost invisible and its large 7 over potentially cause serious damage over large areas, depending on the depth of the earthquake. Earthquake of historic magnitude has the largest over 9, although there is no limit magnitude. The last major earthquake magnitude 9.0 or greater is a 9.0 magnitude earthquake in Japan in 2011 (as of March 2011), and it was the largest Japanese earthquake since records began. The intensity of the vibration measured on Mercalli modifikasiSkala.

• Type of Earthquake

Types of earthquakes can be distinguished by:

1. Based on Cause

 Earthquakes tectonic

The Earthquakes are caused by tectonic activity, ie shifting tectonic plates suddenly has the power of the very small to very large. This earthquake generated a lot of damage or natural disasters on Earth, the strong vibrations of earthquakes capable of spreading to all parts of the Earth. Tectonic earthquakes are caused by the release of energy that occurs due to a shift in plate tectonic plates like a rubber band pulled and released suddenly.

 Earthquakes collision

Earthquake is caused by a meteor or asteroid that crashed to Earth, types of earthquakes are rare

 earthquake rubble

Earthquakes usually occur in limestone areas or in areas of mining, earthquakes are rare and localized.

 artificial earthquake

Artificial earthquake is an earthquake caused by human activity, such as dynamite blasting, nuclear or hammer struck to the earth's surface.

 volcanic earthquakes (volcanic)

Earthquake is the result of magma activity, which usually happens before the volcano erupted. If the higher activeness it will cause an explosion that would also lead to the occurrence of earthquakes. The earthquake is only felt around the volcano.

2. Based on Depth

 Earthquakes in

The earthquake was an earthquake in the hiposentrumnya are more than 300 km below the earth's surface. Earthquakes in generally not too dangerous.

 medium Earthquakes

Medium earthquake is an earthquake that hiposentrumnya be between 60 km to 300 km below the earth's surface intermediate bumi.gempa generally cause minor damage and vibration is more pronounced.

 Shallow earthquakes

Shallow earthquakes are earthquake hiposentrumnya located less than 60 km from the earth's surface. These earthquakes usually cause great damage.

3. Based Wave / Earthquake Vibration

 Primary Wave

Primary wave (wave lungitudinal) are waves or vibrations that propagate in the body of the earth at speeds between 7-14 km / sec. This vibration coming from hiposentrum.

 Secondary Wave

Secondary waves (transverse waves) are waves or vibrations that propagate, such as the speed of the primary wave is reduced, which is 4-7 km / sec. Secondary waves can not propagate through the liquid layer.

The cause of earthquakes

Most earthquakes resulting from the release of energy generated by the pressure caused by moving plates. The longer the pressure of the growing and eventually reach the state where the pressure can not be detained again by the outskirts of the slab. That's when earthquakes will occur.

Earthquakes usually occur at the borders of the plates. The most severe Earthquakes usually occur at plate boundaries compressional and translational. Earthquake focus in most likely occurs because the material is squeezed into the lithospheric layer undergoes a phase transition at a depth of more than 600 km.

Several other earthquakes can also occur due to movement of magma inside the volcano. Earthquakes like it could be a symptom of impending volcanic eruption. Several earthquakes (rarely however) also occur due to accumulated huge mass of water behind the dam, such as the Caribbean Dam in Zambia, Africa. Some (rare too) can also occur due to fluid injection or akstraksi from / to the Earth (eg in some geothermal power plants and in the Rocky Mountain Arsenal. Finally, earthquakes can also occur from blasting explosives. This can make scientists monitor secret nuclear weapons tests conducted by the government. Earthquakes are caused by humans is also called as induced seismicity.

1. Due to Earthquake

 Building collapses

 Fire

 loss of life

 The surface of the ground into the glue and the road to be broken

 Landslides due to shocks

 Flooding due to damage to the embankment

 seabed quake that caused the tsunami

Here is the problem about the earthquake that contain elements 5 w + 1h

Because of the earthquake, Lake Lindu Festival Canceled

Metrotvnews.com, Bora: Government Sigi, Central Sulawesi, Lake Lindu cancel Festival scheduled for September 2012. Decision was taken after an earthquake measuring 6.2 magnitude shook the region some time ago.

"The activities that we were forced to cancel due to an earthquake that occurred on August 18, 2012," said Vice Regent Sigi Livingstone Sango in Palu, Monday (24/9).

According to him, the disaster destroyed many homes and other facilities in the District Lindu, which became the location of the festival. Houses and other buildings should be rebuilt with substantial funds.

While the implementation of the Lake Lindu Festival also require funds with no small amount. Sigi regency activity ultimately decided not to hold it until 2013.

Sigi regency prioritize improvement citizen homes, places of worship, schools and roads damaged by the earthquake. Shocks hit three districts namely Lindu, Gumbasa and Kulawi on August 18, 2012.

The festival was held in the Lake Lindu last two years. In 2011, flash floods occurred in District Kulawi so the festival was canceled. (Ant / RRN)

News headlines (5w + 1h)

1. (What)

What happened?

= Because of the earthquake, Lake Lindu festival was canceled.

2. (Where)

Where the incident occurred?

= Sigi Regency, Central Sulawesi.

3. (When)

When did the incident occur?

= September 2012

4. (WHO)

Who was involved in the incident?

= Community Sigi district.

5. (Why)

Why did the incident occur?

= The festival was canceled due to the earthquake that destroyed many homes and other facilities in the District Lindu, which became the location of the festival.

6. (How)

How do these events occur?

= Government Sigi Regency, Central Sulawesi, Lake Lindu cancel Festival scheduled for September 2012. Decision was taken after an earthquake measuring 6.2 magnitude shook the region some time ago.